军曹鱼标签和释放

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军曹鱼
学名: Rachycentron canadum

描述

的 军曹鱼 is the only member of the family Rachcentridae. 的 family name is derived from the Greek words rhachis meaning spines and kentron meaning sting, a reference to the short, thick and very sharp isolated spines (8 - 9) located in front of the 背鳍. 军曹鱼 have a fusiform (streamlined) body and a broad, flattened head and typically are dark brown dorsally, paler brown laterally and white ventrally. 一个黑色的 lateral band as wide as the eye often extends from the snout to base of the caudal 鳍或尾. This band is brilliantly displayed in juveniles but tends to be obscured 在成年人中. 的 large caudal fin is forked and slightly lunate 在成年人中, though far less so in very young juveniles. 的 scales are small and embedded in very thick skin.

军曹鱼 are rapid growers that attain a size well over 100 pounds, and they are highly sought for sport and as a premiere food fish. 的 current 密西西比州 state record 军曹鱼 caught on conventional fishing tackle weighed 106 pounds, 13 ounces, and the current fly fishing 密西西比州 state record is 41 pounds, 13.6盎司.

军曹鱼 associate with sea turtles and rays and are drawn to structures such as buoys, petroleum platforms, and flotsam. Juveniles and adults are often found among pelagic 海藻 where they feed and seek shelter from predators. Scientific assessments of stomach contents revealed that 军曹鱼 are opportunistic feeders, yet exhibit a preference for crabs, squid and various fishes.

少年军曹鱼, approximately six months old. Photo credit: Don Hammond
 

发生

军曹鱼 have a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and tropical waters, except for the eastern and central Pacific Ocean. Although considered a 海岸al migratory pelagic species, 军曹鱼 inhabit both 海岸al and continental shelf waters. 哥伦比亚是迁徙动物 and occur seasonally (spring – fall) in the northern Gulf of Mexico and along the U.S. eastern seaboard as far as Chesapeake Bay, having moved northward from over-wintering 南佛罗里达的土地. Recent tag-release research indicates that some members of the population over-winter in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

生物研究

Over the past 30 years, 的 University of Southern 密西西比州 Center for Fisheries 研究 and Development scientists have conducted studies on various life history aspects of 军曹鱼 from the northern Gulf of Mexico, including age, reproduction, feeding ecology, and seasonal movements. 的se studies were primarily funded by the 密西西比州 Department of Marine 资源, through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Sport Fish Restoration Program.

研究 revealed that the typical life span for male and female 军曹鱼 is 9 and 11 年,分别. Female 军曹鱼 attain sexual maturity at about 36 inches fork length 两岁时 or three, and males reach sexual maturity around 24 inches fork length 两岁时. 军曹鱼 spawn during spring and summer in offshore waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico and along the southeastern U.S. 海岸. Peak spawning occurs during May – July in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and from June to mid-August along the U. S. 大西洋海岸. Females are ‘batch spawners’, releasing several hundred thousand eggs during each of several spawning events per spawning season. 受精时, the buoyant eggs become part of the plankton and hatch within 24-30 hours, giving rise to rapidly growing larvae.

Length-weight relationship for Gulf of Mexico 军曹鱼.
来源:Franks等人. 1999.

管理

军曹鱼 are managed in each Gulf and South Atlantic state by specific regulations. 的 Gulf of Mexico Fishery 管理 Council final rule for Framework Amendment 7 to the Fishery 管理 Plan for Coastal Migratory Pelagic 资源 in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Region (effective March 25, 2020) increased the recreational and commercial minimum size limit for 军曹鱼 in the Gulf Zone from 33 inches fork length to 36 inches fork length; the 2 fish/person daily bag limit remains in effect. 密西西比州 will adhere to the new federal regulations. 军曹鱼 is officially designated a saltwater game fish in 密西西比州, a status which prohibits the sale of 军曹鱼 caught in 密西西比州 territorial waters or landed in 密西西比州.